ABSTRACT
Aim: To determine the effect of COVID-19 on eye sight due to increase screen time in undergraduate students of medical school. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: This survey was carried out from October 2022 to December 2022 in Army Medical College Rawalpindi. Questionnaires were filled in person and also online-based platform was used to distribute the e-questionnaire, developed using the Google Form. The participants were asked to share the e-questionnaire with their friends using Facebook and Messenger. Method(s): Participants were selected for the study using non-probability consecutive sampling. College students of 20-25 years were included in the study. Sample size was 400 according to a study done internationally. Participants with comorbidities (cataract, glaucoma) were excluded from study. Participants having (trouble concentrating on things such as reading the newspaper, books or watching television) were included in the study. Digital eye strain was calculated using validated computer vision syndrome (CVS-Q) questionnaire to measure the symptoms such as eye fatigue, headache, blurred vision, double vision, itching eyes, dryness, tears, eye redness and pain, excessive blinking, feeling of a foreign body, burning or irritation, difficulty in focusing for near vision, feeling of sight worsening, and sensitivity to light. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi square test. Results A total number of 470 responses were recorded, out of which 257 (54.7%) were males and 213(45.3%) were females. In our study, the most common symptom was headache, affecting 58.1% of the population before COVID 19 which has increased to 83.2% and the P value is less than 0.001.Theother symptoms which also showed P value less than 0.001 were blurred vision while using digital device, irritated or burning eyes, dry eyes and sensitivity to bright light. Conclusion The practical implication of the study is to create awareness among general population about COVID, that eye sight is Bull`s Target to be affected by it and simple preventing measures can be taken. The purpose of this study is to limelight the importance that during COVID 19 lockdown the excessive use of digital devices and their cons on the ocular health among future health care workers.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has witnessed the rapid development of vaccines produced simultaneously form various countries. However, these vaccines were shrouded by a set of myths ranging from serious effects to change of human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Pakistan was one of the countries to start vaccination early and the front-line workers were first to be vaccinated. We undertook to study the vaccinated health care workers for the post effects of vaccines they received. The methodology adopted was through a structured questionnaire comprising 12 questions covering almost all the possible post effects. This was circulated among health care workers of Pak-Emirates Military hospital and Army Medical College/National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Fever was the most frequently encountered post effect, followed closely by pain at site of injection, headache and fatigue. There was a strong association between age and post effects of vaccination. No life threatening or serious side effects were experienced by health care workers indicating that benefits of vaccine outweigh its adverse effects especially with emergence of new variants. No participant required hospitalization following immunization. Therefore, vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) should be carried out on priority basis in order to avoid severe COVID-19 infection. © 2022, Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease spread out rapidly in China and then in the whole world. Kuwait is one of those countries which are positively affected by this pandemic. Objective: The current study aims to provide an appropriate and novel framework for the analysis of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patient & rsquo;s counts and rate of change in these counts with respect to time. Therefore, we considered the number of SARS-CoV-2 patients, i.e., confirmed cases, deaths, and recover-ies for Kuwait, ranging from the 24th of February 2020 to the 25th of August 2020. Method: Here, we used the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation methods for the data analysis of SARS-CoV-2 to develop the Bayesian analysis of the Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP). For this purpose, we used the two unique models of NHPP: the linear intensity function and the power law process. The dis-crimination methods are also discussed to select a better model for daily basis data of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries of SARS-CoV-2 patients. The appropriate model is selected based on the Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). Results: The value of DIC indicates that the power-law process performs better than the linear intensity functions for estimating and presenting all the study variables. The current study explored the usefulness and significance of the proposed research framework to analyze the SARS-CoV-2 new confirmed cases, recoveries, and deaths in a specific area. Conclusion: The findings of the study will be helpful for the health organizations or authorities to develop the approaches based on the current resources and situations due to the pandemic. The provided framework could be beneficial in analyzing the second and third layers of COVID-19 in the area. The analysis of the counts for each study variable and for each variable a comparative analysis of all the three layers is the aim of our future study. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).